Bhutan’s demography is going through dramatic changes. By 2047, one in every 10 Bhutanese will be over the age of 65, and one in five will be over 60. This aging population, coupled with declining fertility rates and increased life expectancy, will have a far-reaching impact on our society.
In its wake, the development of the National Policy for Senior Citizens of Bhutan (NPSCB) is a timely intervention. Spearheaded by the Royal Society for Senior Citizens, the policy is designed to create an inclusive society where senior citizens are able to live meaningful, productive, healthy, and dignified lives, with equal rights and opportunities.
One of the foundational pillars of the NPSCB is the recognition that family support plays a critical role in the well-being of senior citizens. Traditionally, Bhutanese society has relied on family ties to provide care and support to elderly members. However, modernisation and exodus of younger population to urban areas and overseas have led to a gradual breakdown of traditional family structures and support systems.
It is therefore timely for a national policy that will create a safe and secure environment for the elderly population, providing the necessary support and care. To complement traditional support systems, or lack thereof, we must create institutional support systems, particularly for those who do not have the support of families. This could include community networks and groups managed by civil society organisations that provide social and emotional support to senior citizens, helping to bridge the gap left by the changing family dynamics.
Economic insecurity is one of the most pressing issues facing the senior citizens in the country. With a large portion of the elderly population living in rural areas, access to steady income, pensions, and financial services is limited. As many elderly people face financial hardships, including food insecurity and reliance on informal work, it is crucial to establish robust mechanisms that ensure economic security for senior citizens.
Health is another key priority for the aging population. With the rising incidence of chronic diseases and disabilities among the elderly, our healthcare system must adapt to the changing demographic, and invest in affordable, and senior-friendly healthcare services.
Our public spaces, transport systems, and housing must accommodate the mobility and safety needs of the elderly. This includes ramps, lifts, and other senior-friendly amenities that allow them to move about safely and independently.
Many retired senior citizens possess a wealth of knowledge and experience that can be used to benefit society. However, after leaving the workforce, senior citizens often face social isolation without opportunities for any meaningful engagement. Therefore, it is essential that we create opportunities to engage senior citizens and elderly population in voluntary work, community service, and mentorship, among others. These programmes can help them stay active and engaged, while allowing them to contribute meaningfully to society.
As a nation of Gross National Happiness, we cannot turn a blind eye to the emerging challenges faced by our elderly population. We have to build an environment where senior citizens are not seen as a burden but as valuable members of our society. The National Policy for Senior Citizens is a step in the right direction.