A silent crisis threatens to undermine global health systems and food security: antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This phenomenon, where bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist life-saving drugs, already claims an estimated 5 million lives annually. Without urgent action, that number could exceed 39 million by 2050, leading to catastrophic consequences for health, agriculture and economies worldwide.
For Bhutan, a nation known for its commitment to sustainable development, the risks are particularly severe. If left unaddressed, AMR could jeopardize decades of progress in public health and threaten the agricultural sector—a cornerstone of the nation’s food security.
Dual Threat to Health and Food Systems
In agriculture, the situation is equally alarming. AMR is not confined to humans alone; the use of antimicrobials in animal health is a major contributor to resistance. As Bhutan continues to grow its agriculture and animal husbandry sectors, the overuse of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents in livestock and crops could harm the very foundation of its food security. If left unchecked, AMR could lead to a decline in agricultural productivity, with economic consequences that reach far beyond the farm.
This crisis affects us all—from the healthcare worker in Thimphu to the farmer in rural Bhutan. However, it is not too late to act. Through a collective global response, we can reverse the rise of AMR and protect the future of health and agriculture. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is at the forefront of this effort, promoting sustainable agricultural practices that minimize the need for antimicrobials. We are working with countries across Asia and the Pacific, including Bhutan, to strengthen agrifood systems, improve veterinary practices and reduce the inappropriate use of antibiotics.
Solutions through One Health
Combating AMR requires a comprehensive, One Health approach that acknowledges interconnected of humans, animals and ecosystems. This strategy is crucial for addressing the root causes of resistance.
FAO’s programmes like the Reduce the Need for Antimicrobials on Farms for Sustainable Agrifood Systems Transformation (RENOFARM), which encourages responsible farming practices, an International FAO Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring (InFARM) system, which monitors AMR in animals, are key to supporting countries like Bhutan in this battle.
The importance of awareness and advocacy
Education, advocacy and urgent action are paramount. In Bhutan, there is a need to incorporate AMR awareness into national health and agricultural policies. This includes integrating AMR into school curricula, strengthening surveillance systems and promoting good agricultural practices that reduce the need for antimicrobials. We all have a role to play—whether through washing hands before meals to prevent infections or supporting policies that reduce antibiotic use in farming.
The financial burden of AMR is also significant. An economic study has shown that for every dollar invested in AMR interventions, there is a return of up to $13 by 2050. This includes the development of alternative treatments, improved diagnostics, and better practices in agriculture and healthcare. By acting now, Bhutan and other nations in the Asia and the Pacific can not only safeguard public health but also ensure that our food systems remain resilient and sustainable for future generations.
A call to action
AMR is a shared challenge that transcends borders and requires urgent global collaboration. Bhutan, with its strong community values and commitment to environmental stewardship, has the potential to lead by example. However, time is of the essence.
Let us come together to educate, advocate, and act to preserve the effectiveness of antimicrobials—our future health, agriculture, and prosperity depend on it.
Contributed by Ken Shimizu,
FAO Representative for Bhutan and Nepal