Have we ever realised that some medicines and medical procedures used in hospitals to treat illnesses are also prohibited in sports under anti-doping rules?
What is doping in sports?
In simple terms, doping refers to the use of prohibited substances or methods to unfairly enhance sports performance. According to the World Anti-Doping Code (2021), there are 11 Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRVs). It’s important to note that violations are detected not only through urine and blood sample analysis but also through non-analytical means such as testimonies, investigations, possession of prohibited substances, and failure to cooperate with sample collection.
The importance of anti-doping
Anti-doping measures are crucial for protecting athletes’ health, ensuring fair competition, and preserving the integrity of sports. Doping in any form undermines these principles, posing safety risks not only to the athlete involved but also to their competitors. Additionally, the public or spectators deserve to witness fair competitions free from unethical practices. Upholding anti-doping regulations not only protect the health of competitors but also safeguards the spirit of sports, fostering an environment where all athletes, regardless of their background, can compete on a level playing field.
Consequences of anti-doping rule violations (ADRVs)
In addition to health risks, ADRVs carry severe consequences for both athletes and sports organizations. Athletes found guilty of a violation can face suspensions or bans from participation, in sports, ranging from one to four years, and potentially extending to a lifetime. This not only impacts athlete career’s but also affects parent sports organizations, which may lose players after investing in their training and development. Depending on the nature and severity of the violation, sanctions can also be imposed on coaches, support personnel, and officials. Whether the violation is intentional or unintentional, sanctions will be enforced according to anti-doping rules, and public disclosure will follow.
Recent challenges in doping
As sports become more global, competitive and commercial, with increased sponsorship and prize money, the risk of doping is higher. The rising use of recreational drugs, herbal products, and dietary supplements also poses a significant risk of anti-doping violations. Additionally, free medical services and over-the-counter medications can lead to unintentional violations, as some substances or methods are prohibited by anti-doping rules.
New forms of doping have also emerged, including gene doping (modifying genes to enhance muscle mass or stamina), technology doping (using hidden motors in bicycles), apparel doping (specially designed shoes that improve running efficiency), and animal doping (administering anabolic steroids to enhance performance in animals). These examples demonstrate how doping now encompasses not only the abuse of prohibited substances but also advances in modern science and technology. Furthermore, some athletes may feel pressured by coaches or support personnel to engage in doping practices for recognition and rewards.
Prevention of doping in sports
Upholding clean, dope-free sports is not the responsibility of a single agency but a shared commitment among all stakeholders including athletes and coaches. While anti-doping tests are conducted to prevent, deter, and sanction cheaters, the WADA emphasizes the importance of regular awareness campaigns and educational programs as primary strategies for maintaining clean sports. It’s also important to understand that anti-doping is science-based and continually evolving. Staying informed is crucial, and up-to-date educational resources can be found on WADA’s free, accessible online education platform: https://adel.wada-ama.org/
Contributed by
Nima Gyeltshen, Youth Sports Administrator and Clean Sports Educator