Bhutan is at a demographic crossroads. The country’s fertility rate, which was at a robust 6.6 births per woman in 1971, has fallen to a critical low of 1.866, far below the replacement level of 2.1. This alarming decline signals a future fraught with challenges for our nation—an aging population, a shrinking workforce, and increased social and economic strain on younger generations. The government’s cash incentive scheme to encourage larger families, targeting third and subsequent children, is a welcome step, but it must be part of a broader, more holistic approach to address this pressing issue.
A declining fertility rate is not merely a number; it is a reflection of the underlying societal, economic, and cultural dynamics. Young couples today face numerous challenges: the rising cost of living, limited childcare options, and societal expectations that often make balancing work and family life a difficult task. These factors create a situation where having more children feels like a financial and emotional burden rather than a joy.
The government’s cash incentive programme, as announced by the Prime Minister, is undoubtedly a step in the right direction. Offering direct financial support to families with three or more children can alleviate some of the economic pressure associated with raising a larger family. However, cash incentives alone are not a silver bullet. We need a multi-pronged strategy that addresses the root causes of its fertility crisis and fosters a family-friendly environment.
Accessible and affordable childcare must become a priority. Many young parents, especially working mothers, face the daunting challenge of juggling professional responsibilities with childcare. Establishing subsidised daycare centres and providing flexible work arrangements can enable parents to consider having more children without compromising their careers. Sweden’s highly successful childcare system is a model worth emulating, as it has helped maintain one of the highest fertility rates in Europe.
Parental leave policies need to be expanded and made more inclusive. Paid maternity and paternity leave not only support mothers but also encourage fathers to take on a more active role in childcare. This creates a more equitable sharing of responsibilities and reduces the strain on mothers. Norway’s parental leave policy, which includes a dedicated “father’s quota”, shows how such measures can positively influence family planning decisions.
And, housing policies tailored for young families can play a transformative role. Affordable housing and grants for young couples, especially in urban areas, can ease the financial constraints that discourage larger families.
The consequences of inaction are dire. A shrinking population means fewer hands to build the economy, fewer voices to uphold traditions, and a heavier burden on the younger generation to support an aging society. We cannot afford to let our demographic clock run out.
Therefore, the government’s cash incentive scheme is a good beginning, but it must be the foundation of a larger, more comprehensive strategy. Policies that address childcare, parental leave, housing, and societal attitudes will create an environment where families thrive and our future is secured.