Bhutan has seen a decline in wetland areas used for paddy cultivation over the years

YK Poudel

The Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MoAL) has earmarked Nu 1.279 billion in the 13th Plan to boost the country’s rice self-sufficiency.

The initiative aims to raise the country’s rice self-sufficiency ratio from 25 percent to 30 percent in the coming years.

The investment will target irrigation, land development, mechanisation, input subsidies, research, and support services to enhance rice production.

The ministry has outlined several key measures to boost rice production under the 13th Plan.

Officials confirmed that 26 major irrigation channels will be constructed, with five set for completion in the current fiscal year.

In addition, local governments plan to implement 118 small irrigation schemes this year to achieve a broader target of 700 schemes over the next five years.

“While Bhutan has seen a decline in wetland areas used for paddy cultivation, improved irrigation infrastructure has ensured steady gains in rice productivity,” an MoAL official said.

Water management remains critical in rice farming, with an estimated 2,500 litres of water required to produce one kilogramme of rough rice.

To strengthen rice production, the ministry is collaborating with international organisations like the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to introduce improved rice varieties.

These varieties are considered among the more resistant to diseases and tailored to Bhutan’s diverse agro-climatic conditions.

The government has also prioritised direct support for farmers through initiatives like price guarantee schemes, ensuring farmers receive fair prices for their produce.

State-owned enterprises such as the Farm Machinery Corporation Limited (FMCL) are contributing to commercial rice cultivation. In 2023, FMCL harvested 49 metric tonnes of rice from 91 acres of land.

A wetland validation exercise is also underway to protect vital paddy-growing areas, safeguarding these key agricultural lands for future generations.

Wetlands essential for rice cultivation will receive government support, while less critical areas may be repurposed for other crops.

The ministry is also exploring agro-tourism as a way to enhance rice farming.

By allowing tourists to experience traditional practices like transplanting, weeding, and harvesting, the ministry aims to promote farming while providing farmers with additional income.

The push for greater rice self-sufficiency is part of the government’s broader effort to ensure food security.

While achieving 100 percent self-sufficiency in rice is unlikely due to various challenges, the government is plans to reduce import dependency by increasing domestic production.

Similar strategies are being applied to crops like maize and wheat, with initiatives such as irrigation, improved seed varieties, and financial support.

The government has allocated Nu 26 million for these cereals as part of its food security strategy.